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O-Level Singapore/O-Level Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Thermal Properties of Matter – Key Concepts

1. Internal energy is made up of kinetic energy and potential energy.

2. An increase in temperature leads to an increase in kinetic energy component of the internal energy.

3. Heat capacity C is the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a body by 1 K (or 1 deg C).

4. Heat capacity depends on the mass and the material of the object.

5. The specific heat capacity c is defined as the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg (unit mass) of a material by 1 K or 1 deg C.

6 For the same amount of thermal energy supplied, materials of lower specific heat capacity will heat up to a higher temperature than materials with a higher specific heat capacity.

From O Level Physics Tutor

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A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

Electromagnetic Induction

1) Magnetic flux (Φ) through an area A is the product of the area and the component of the flux density B directed normal to the plane of that area [SI unit: weber (Wb)]

2) Magnetic flux linkageis the product of the magnetic flux Φ and the number of turns of the coil N.

3) Faraday’s law: the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. in a coil is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkagethrough the coil.

Factors affecting the magnitude of the induced e.m.f.
i) the speed of motion of the magnet
ii) the strength of the magnet
iii) the number of turns of the coils

4) Lenz’s law: the direction of the induced current is such that its effect opposes the change producing it. (conservation of energy in that work must be done or energy dissipated against the opposing effects to give rise to induced current i.e. WD = ↑ Electrical Energy due to induced current)

5) For a straight line conductor moving in a uniform magnetic field, the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. ε is given by:
E = BIL

6) Simple applications of EM induction

(i) a.c. generator
Found in typical power stations, a large electromagnet is made to rotate inside fixed coils. The rotating coil causes the flux linkage to change continuously and an e.m.f. is induced in the coils.

(ii) bicycle dynamo
A permanent magnet is made to rotate inside fixed coils. The rotating coil causes the flux linkage to change continuously and induce an e.m.f. in the coils

(iii) transformer
An alternating current in the primary coil produces a varying magnetic field in the core. The secondary coil is also wound round the core, so the flux linking the secondary coil is varying. Hence, a varying e.m.f. is induced across the secondary coil.

From A level/JC Physics Tutors

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A-Level Mathematics Tuition Singapore/JC Maths/H2 Math Tuition and Tutor

Hi A-Level/H2 Math Students

We will be starting Complex lesson this week for J2 Maths students.

From A Level Math Tutor

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A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

Hi All A-Level/JC/H2/H1 Chemistry Students

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Summary

Classification of Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons can be classified as:

• aliphatic (straight or branched chain) eg hexane C6H14
• alicyclic (closed ring) eg cyclohexane C6H12
• aromatic eg benzene C6H6

Functional Group

• Each type of organic compound contains the same reactive group of atoms that governs the chemical properties. This reactive group of atoms is called a functional group.
• Compounds in a homologous series with the same functional group and general formulae are called homologues. They have similar chemical properties due to the same functional group.

Naming compound from given structure

1. Identify most important Functional Group (FG). Halogen assigned as Substituent.
2. Find longest chain that contains FG
3. Identify and assign number to FG and Substituent
a) smallest number assigned to FG
b) if no FG, smallest number assigned to Substituent
c) if more than 1 Substituent, sum of numbers as small as possible
4. Arrange Substituent in alphabetical order
a) no spacing between letters
b) dash “-” between letter and number
c) comma “,” between numbers
d) numbers represent position of FG and Substituent
e) if have 2, 3 or 4 of the same Substituent, add prefix “di”, “tri”, or “tetra” respectively

Drawing structural formula from name

1. Draw and number parent skeleton
2. Draw Functional Group
3. Draw all Substituents from Left to Right
4. Fill in remaining Hydrogen

Isomerism

• different compounds possessing the same molecular formula but existing in different forms because they have different arrangement of atoms.
◦ Structural Isomerism – same molecular formula but different structural formula
◦ Stereoisomerism – same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms
▪ Total number of stereoisomers = 2n, where n is the number of stereocentres (chiral C or alkene with cis-trans isomerism)

For complete summary please contact Mr Ong @ 9863 9633

[admin]

A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

Hi All A-Level/JC/H2/H1 Chemistry Students

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Summary

Classification of Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons can be classified as:

• aliphatic (straight or branched chain) eg hexane C6H14
• alicyclic (closed ring) eg cyclohexane C6H12
• aromatic eg benzene C6H6

Functional Group

• Each type of organic compound contains the same reactive group of atoms that governs the chemical properties. This reactive group of atoms is called a functional group.
• Compounds in a homologous series with the same functional group and general formulae are called homologues. They have similar chemical properties due to the same functional group.

Naming compound from given structure

1. Identify most important Functional Group (FG). Halogen assigned as Substituent.
2. Find longest chain that contains FG
3. Identify and assign number to FG and Substituent
a) smallest number assigned to FG
b) if no FG, smallest number assigned to Substituent
c) if more than 1 Substituent, sum of numbers as small as possible
4. Arrange Substituent in alphabetical order
a) no spacing between letters
b) dash “-” between letter and number
c) comma “,” between numbers
d) numbers represent position of FG and Substituent
e) if have 2, 3 or 4 of the same Substituent, add prefix “di”, “tri”, or “tetra” respectively

Drawing structural formula from name

1. Draw and number parent skeleton
2. Draw Functional Group
3. Draw all Substituents from Left to Right
4. Fill in remaining Hydrogen

Isomerism

• different compounds possessing the same molecular formula but existing in different forms because they have different arrangement of atoms.
◦ Structural Isomerism – same molecular formula but different structural formula
◦ Stereoisomerism – same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms
▪ Total number of stereoisomers = 2n, where n is the number of stereocentres (chiral C or alkene with cis-trans isomerism)

For complete summary please contact Mr Ong @ 9863 9633

[admin]

A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J1 H2 Economics Tuition Students

Tackling H2 Economics Essay Questions – A basic framework
By Ms Chai

1. Exam Format

Paper 2 consists of Essay Questions where candidates are required to answer a total of 3 essay questions. The time allowed for Paper 2 is 2 hours 15 minutes. Paper 2 accounts for 60% of your final grade.
Each essay question will carry 25 marks. An essay question may be a full question by itself or it may consist of 2 sub-questions. The division of marks between the 2 sub-questions normally is (i) 10 and 15 or (ii) 12 and 13. You may be given a little stimulus material before the question.

2. Your Goal for Each Essay Question

Level 3 competency (bordering between grade B and grade A):

• Thorough knowledge of facts and theory with an excellent ability to describe and explain this in a precise, logical, reasoned manner;

• Ability to query some of the assumptions;

• New illustrations and examples appropriate to the material discussed should be introduced as further evidence of the ability to recognise the principles of the question and their application to relevant current situations. To earn an A, you have to go this extra mile :

• Present judgment based on analysis.

3. Essential Skills

Your examiners will be looking for the following skills in your essay :

• Basic Skills
o Knowledge
o Comprehension

• Higher Order Skills
o Application
o Analysis
o Evaluation

From A Level Economic Admin

[admin]

O Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/Chemistry O Level Tuition/Tutor

Hi Jin Wei and Garyl

Attached is Redox MCQ answers

1. D
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. C

6. C
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. D

11. B
12. D
13. D
14. D
15. A

16. B
17. B
18. B
19. D
20. A

21. A
22. B
23. C

All the best for your coming QA and redox tests

From Mr Ong – Chemistry Tutor

[admin]

A-Level Tuition Singapore/GP Tuition/General Paper Tutor

Essay Guildline

Do you agree that the father has the most important role in a family?

Minimum requirements:
Addressing of keywords “most important”, some explanation on traditional role of father, some discussion on roles of men and women as members of a family

Supporting view:
-father as breadwinner -16th and 17th Century European households, traditional Western structure
-religious argument: father as head of family
-traditional or culturally accepted role of father as disciplinarian, the one who maintains order or an explanation on the influence of Confucianism on Chinese families
-Work in psychology or social research pointing out that children who are raised without a paternal figure lack self-esteem

Opposing view:
-functions and roles are not fixed according to one’s sex. Roles of men and women are changing. Other members may assume roles associated with male head of family
-all members of a family have important roles or mother and father share equally important roles
-same -sex marriages for example, lesbian marriages or in cases of single-parent families there will be no father but family still functions (difference between structure and function)

From A Level GP

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O Level E Maths Tuition Singapore/Tuition O Level E Maths/Tutor

Coordinate Geometry

Distance between two points A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2)
AB = Sq rt (x2-x1)^2 + (y2-y1)^2

Midpoint M of the line joining two points A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2)
Midpoint M = ( (x1+x2/2 , (y1+y2)/2 )

Gradient m of the line passing through two points A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2)
m = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)

When 3 points A B and C are collinear
Gradient of AB = Gradient BC

Equation of straight line
y = mx + c
or
y-y1 = m(x-x1)

From O-Level Elementary Mathematics Singapore Tutor

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O-Level Additional Mathematics Tuition Singapore

Partial Fraction

There are 3 types of partial fraction

1. Linear factor ax+b

Example 5x+1/(x-1)(x+2) = A/(x-1) + B/(x+2)

2. Repeated linear factor (ax+b)^2

Example (x+1)/(x-1)^2 = A/(x-1) + B/(x-1)^2

3. Quadratic factor x^2+c^2 which cannot be factorised

Example (x^2-3x-12)/(x^2+4)(x+2) = (Ax+B)/(x^2+4) + C/(x+2)

O-Level Additional Mathematics Tutor

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Physics and Chemistry Tuition/Physics Tutor

Temperature – Key Concepts

1. Temperature is a measure of the degree of ‘hotness’ or ‘coldness’ of a body.

2. Heat is thermal energy that is being transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.

3. A thermometer uses the physical properties of thermometric substances to measure temperature.

4. A fixed point is a standard degree of hotness or coldness such as the boiling point or melting point of a substance.

5. Fixed points are used to set up temperature scale.

From O Level Physics Tutor

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O Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/Chemistry O Level Tuition/Tutor

Chapter 9 – The Mole

1. A mole of any substance contains 6 x 10 power 23 particles. This number is called Avogadro’s constant

2. Number of mole of atoms = mass of the element(g)/Ar

3. Number of mole of substance = Mass of the substance(g)/Mr

4. Molar mass refer to the mass of one mole of the substance.

From : O Level Chemistry Tutor

[admin]

O-Level Singapore/O-Level Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Temperature – Key Concepts

1. Temperature is a measure of the degree of ‘hotness’ or ‘coldness’ of a body.

2. Heat is thermal energy that is being transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.

3. A thermometer uses the physical properties of thermometric substances to measure temperature.

4. A fixed point is a standard degree of hotness or coldness such as the boiling point or melting point of a substance.

5. Fixed points are used to set up temperature scale.

From O Level Physics Tutor

[admin]

A-Level Mathematics Tuition Singapore/JC Maths/H2 Math Tuition and Tutor

Hi A-Level/H2 Math Students

J1 H2 Math Class will start 17 Feb Sunday 4pm to 6pm

From A-Level/H2 Math Tutor

[admin]

A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

J2 H2 Physics Class will start on 5 Feb 7pm to 9pm

From A Level Physics Tutor

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