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A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

Definitions – Kinematics

1. Displacement
Displacement is defined as the distance travelled in a stated direction relative to a certain reference point
Instantaneous velocity

2. Instantaneous Velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement with time at a particular point in time.

3. Average velocity
Average velocity is the average displacement per unit time.

4. Instantaneous speed
(Instantaneous) speed is defined as the rate of change of distance.

5. Average speed
Average speed is the total distance covered per unit time.

6. Acceleration
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity.

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J1 H1/H2 Economics Tuition Students
Monday 7pm to 9pm class

Plan for May and June 2013

Every 2 hour class is usually divided into 1 hour of seminar teaching and 1 hour of tutorial.

As we finish our discussion on firm costs, we will carry on to explore how firms behave. How firms behave depends on the structure of the marketplace they are in. In particular, we would like to know :

• What are the key distinguishing features of the various market structures?
• To what extent the market structures will affect the demand curves faced by firms?
• What are the profit possibilities of the firms in the short run and in the long run?
• Will the firms produce a high level of output or a low level?
• Will the firms be producing efficiently?
• Are the prices charged by the firms too high or too low?
• Are there differences in how firms compete due to different market structures?
• Do societies benefit or lose out because of the different market structures?

The focus of the seminar teaching will be (i) Perfect Competition; and (ii) Monopoly in the month of May followed by (iii) Monopolistic Competition and (iv) Oligopoly in the month of June depending on the pace of the class.

In between seminar teaching, the class will continue to get essay writing and case study practices using previous years’ A level examination questions and top JC tests/examinations questions. The topics will include what we have covered since Jan (Scarcity, Choice and Opportunity Cost; Resource Allocation in Competitive Markets (aka Demand, Supply, Market Equilibrium and the various Elasticities); Firm Costs; Market Structure) to help students to prepare for their first common test after the June holidays.

From A Level Economic Tutor

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A-Level Mathematics Tuition Singapore/JC Maths/H2 Math Tuition and Tutor

Hi A-Level/H2 Math Students

J1 – Teaching Vectors 1

J2 – Teaching Normal Distributions and Exam Practice

From A Level Math Tutors

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A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

The Conclusion

It is important to have a concluding paragraph so as not to leave your entire argument “dangling”. End your essay as neatly as you can. Restate the thesis you laid out in the introduction. Talk about the points you’ve made in the essay and to what conclusion those points ultimately lead. This is a great opportunity to look back over your essay and see whether you met the promise of your thesis.

 Did you discuss all the things you planned to?
 Did you support each point with evidence from the text?
 Finally, did the things you wrote about in your essay point to one ultimate conclusion?

The conclusion is the last chance you have to make your point. Make the piece as memorable as possible. Good luck!

Generic points
• Do not introduce new material
• Draw everything together
• Summarise the main themes
• State your general conclusions
• Set the issues in a broader perspective/wider context
• Make it clear why those conclusions are important or significant (you could link it to speculations for the future, suggestions and predictions but this could be done without too much emphasis given to it)
• Set the issues in a broader perspective/wider context
• In the last sentence, sum up your argument very briefly, linking it to the title

A level GP Tuition

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Physics and Chemistry Tuition/Physics Tutor

Misconception Analysis – Measurement

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. A Physical quantity must have both magnitude and unit.

2. Base quantities and base units are the same.

3. Derived quantities are not physical quantities.

4. The SI units for length, mass and time are the metre, gram and second respectively .

5. Prefixes are used to express big numbers only

Ans TFFFF

From O level Physics Tutor

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Pure Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Misconception Analysis – Measurement

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. A Physical quantity must have both magnitude and unit.

2. Base quantities and base units are the same.

3. Derived quantities are not physical quantities.

4. The SI units for length, mass and time are the metre, gram and second respectively .

5. Prefixes are used to express big numbers only

Ans TFFFF

From O level Physics Tutor

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O Level E Maths Tuition Singapore/Tuition O Level E Maths/Tutor

Investigation Problem

1+2+3+4………..+n =(1/2)(n)(n+1)

General term Tn = a + (n-1)d
a = first term
d= common difference

Triangular numbers
1
3 = 1+2
6 = 1+2+3
10 = 1+2+3+4

From O-Level Elementary Mathematics Singapore Tutor

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O-Level Additional Mathematics Tuition Singapore

S3 – Teaching Binomial Theorem

S4 – Teaching Kinematics

O-Level Additional Mathematics Tutor

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J1/J2 H1/H2 Economics Tuition Students

J2 Lesson Plan – Sat 7.30 pm to 9.30 pm

4th May 2013: Revision of Monetary Policy and Market Structure Concepts.

11th May 2013: Revision of Fiscal Policy and Market Structure Concepts

18th May 2013: Revision of National Income Multiplier, Market Structure and Market Failure Concepts

25th May 2013: Revision of Theory of Comparative Advantage, Market Failure, Applications of Elasticity Concepts

J1 lesson Plan – Sunday 9 am to 11 am

5th May 2013: Learning of Price Ceiling, Subisidies on producers and consumers, and concepts on the different kinds of cost of production.

12th May 2013: Learning of concepts on Internal and External Economies of Scale

Further plans for JC 1 to be confirmed again, depending on topics that will be tested in MID YEAR.

From A Level Tutor

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O Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/Chemistry O Level Tuition/Tutor

Chapter 18 – Atmosphere and Environment

Greenhouse Gases

Carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere when solid waste, fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), and wood and  wood products are burned.

Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from the decomposition of organic wastes in municipal solid waste landfills, and the raising of livestock.

Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.

What are the effects of global warming?
1. Heat waves and periods of unusually warm weather
2. Sea level rise and coastal flooding
3. Glaciers melting
4. Arctic and Antarctic warming
5. Spreading disease
6. Earlier spring arrival
7. Plant and animal range shifts and population declines
8. Coral reef bleaching
9. Downpours, heavy snowfalls, and flooding
10. Droughts and fires

What is causing the depletion of ozone?
1. Chlorofluorocarbon compounds are also known as CFCs – made of  chlorine, fluorine and carbon.
2. These compounds are unreactive and do not burn.
3. They are compressed to form liquids which are used in aerosol  propellants and as coolant fluids for refrigerators and air conditioners.
4. When an aerosol can is utilised, the CFC molecules are released into  the air. At higher altitudes in the atmosphere, these molecules are  decomposed by sunlight to produce chlorine atoms.
5. The chlorine atoms react with the ozone molecules and thus destroy  the ozone layer which protects the earth from the direct rays of the  sun.
6. Exposure to direct radiation of the sun can cause skin cancer to  humans and also destroy the agriculture.

Effects of Ozone Depletion
1. There is an increase in the temperature due to the ozone depletion as more UV rays are entering the earth’s surface.
2. There would be a no.of skin cancers.3.Crop yields would be adversely affected.Vegetation land becomes dessert.
4. North and South Pole melts causing the ocean level to rise and flood the low-lying countries such as Netherlands.5.Rapid evaporation would occur and cause droughts especially in India.Thus, CO2 dissolved in the oceans rise into the atmosphere adding further to the greenhouse effect.

O level Chemistry Tutors

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A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

Chemical Energetics – Definition

1. The enthalpy change of formation, Hf , of a compound is defined as the enthalpy change when 1 mole of the compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions of 298 K and 1 atm.

2. The standard enthalpy change of combustion, Hco , is defined as the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is completely burnt in oxygen under standard conditions of 298K and 1 atm.

3. The standard enthalpy change of hydration, Hhydo, of an ion is defined as the enthalpy change when 1 mole of the gaseous ions is dissolved in a large amount of water under standard conditions of 298 K and 1 atm

4. The standard enthalpy change of solution, Hsolo , is defined as the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance dissolves in such a large volume of solvent that addition of more solvent produces no further heat change under standard conditions of 298 K and 1 atm.

5. The standard enthalpy change of neutralisation, Hno, is defined as the enthalpy change when 1 mole of water is formed in the neutralisation between an acid and an alkali, the reaction being carried out in aqueous solution under standard conditions of 298 K and 1 atm.
Always negative (exothermic reaction)

6. The standard enthalpy change of atomisation, Hato, is defined as the enthalpy change when 1 mole of separate gaseous atoms of the element is formed from the element under standard conditions of 298 K and 1 atm.

7. Bond energy is the energy required to break the covalent bond between 2 atoms in the gaseous state (for dissociation).It is usually measured in kJ mol-1 and is an average value.

8. Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in a mole of gaseous atoms producing one mole of gaseous cations

9. The electron affinity is the energy change associated with the formation of an anion from the gaseous atom, measured in kJ mol-1.

A level Chemistry Tutors

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J1 H1/H2 Economics Tuition Students

Microeconomics Topic 1.3 : Firms and How They Operate 1

H2 Syllabus :

• Costs of production
– Internal vs external economies and diseconomies of scale

. Returns to Scale
Definition of Returns to Scale : The impact on output due to changes in input.

3 Types of Returns to Scale :
– Constant Returns to Scale : A given percentage increase in inputs will lead to the same percentage increase in output.
– Increasing Returns to Scale : A given percentage increase in inputs will lead to a larger percentage increase in output.
– Decreasing Returns to Scale : A given percentage increase in inputs will lead to a smaller percentage increase in output.

IMPORTANT NOTE : “To Scale” means all inputs increase by the same proportion.

! Stop and Think : Is there a difference between decreasing returns to scale and diminishing marginal returns?

2. Linking Returns to Scale and Average Cost
A firm experiences economies of scale if costs per unit of output fall as the scale of production increases. If a firm is getting increasing returns to scale from its factors of production, then as it produces more it will be using smaller and smaller amounts of factors per unit of output. Other
things being equal, this means that it will be producing at a lower unit cost or average cost.

Conversely, if a firm is getting decreasing returns to scale from its factors of production, then as it produces more it will be using bigger and bigger amounts of factors per unit of output. Other things being equal, this means that it will be producing at a higher unit cost or average cost.

For complete please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J2 H1/H2 Economics Tuition Students

Common Mistakes/Tips of the Week

1. Introduction of CSQ questions = must elaborate/explain/state what you know about the context.

2. Important cue words in CSQ:

i) Managing an economy: This means you must talk about BOP, Employment, Inflation and Growth where possible.
ii) Protectionist measures: This means you must talk about the specific measures, instead of just referring it to protectionist measures as a whole.
iii) Global recession: This means that you must talk BOP with specific reference to BOT especially for export reliant economies, cyclical employment and negative economic growth.

3. Quote examples from CSQ

4. Fall in M can lead rise in AD

5. Wrong: Increase in BOP.

From A Level Economics Tutor

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A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

Definitions -Errors & Uncertainties

1. Systematic error
A systematic error is one that occurs consistently more or consistently less than the actual reading.

2. Random error
A random error is one that gives a scatter of readings about a mean value

3. Accuracy
The closeness of a reading on an instrument to the true value of the quantity being measured.
If an experiment has small systematic errors, it is said to have high accuracy.

4. Precision
A term used to describe the level of uncertainty in an instrument‟s scale.
If an experiment has small random errors, it is said to have high precision.

5. Uncertainty
The range of values on both sides of a measurement in which the actual value of the measurement is expected to lie.

6. Scalar quantity
Scalar quantity is a physical quantity that can be represented by a magnitude only. It does not have a direction.

7. Vector quantity
Vector quantity is a physical quantity that can be represented by a magnitude and a direction.

For more exam based questions, please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

Unity in Paragraph Structure

Good topic sentences that clearly support a clear stand help to create unity in an argumentative essay. Within a paragraph, topic sentences control the development of the ideas. Each sentence in a paragraph should relate to the topic discussed and develop the controlling idea (i.e. that stated in the topic sentence). If any sentence does not relate to or develop that area, it is irrelevant and should be omitted from the paragraph. Consider the topic sentence:

Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit.

If a sentence in this paragraph had discussed how annoying it is to watch someone blow smoke rings, that sentence would have been out of place.

A paragraph that has sentences that do not relate to or discuss the controlling idea lacks unity. Note the following examples of a paragraph that lacks unity:

A paragraph that lacks unity
Another problem facing a number of elderly people is living on a reduced income. Upon retiring, old people may receive a pension from their company or Social Security from the government. The amount of their monthly checks they received when they were employed. Suddenly, retirees find that they can no longer continue the lifestyle that they had become accustomed to, even if that lifestyle was a modest one. Many find, after paying their monthly bills, that there is no money left for a movie or a dinner out. Of course, sometimes they can’t go out because of their health. Maybe they have arthritis or rheumatism and it is painful for them to move around. This can also change their lifestyle. Some older people, however, discover that the small amount of money they receive will not even cover their monthly bills. They realise with horror that electricity, a telephone and nourishing food are luxuries they can no longer afford. They resort to shivering in the dark, eating cat food in order to make ends meet

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