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O Level E Maths Tuition Singapore/Tuition O Level E Maths/Tutor

Transformation Part 1

1. Reflection
A reflection is a transformation which reflects all points of a plane in a line (on the plane)called the mirror line.

2. Rotation
A rotation is a transformation which rotates all points on a plane about a fixed point (called the centre of rotation)through a given angle in anti-clockwise or clockwise direction. The angle through which the points are rotated is called the angle of rotation.

From O-Level Elementary Mathematics Singapore Tutor

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O-Level Additional Mathematics Tuition Singapore

Chapter 1 – Simultaneous Equation

Objective – Solve 2 simultaneous equations linear using either elimination or substitution method

Stop and Think

Solve the following simultaneous equations
3x-4y=11
7x-5y=4

Ans x=-3 and y=-5

Stop and Think

Solve the following simultaneous equations
3x+4y=2
x^2+8xy+12=0

Ans x=-1.2, y=1.4 or x=2, y=-l

If you need help please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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O Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/Chemistry O Level Tuition/Tutor

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. Temperature, volume and mass are physical quantities.

2. All measurements in chemistry are made using SI units.

3. It is not possible to measure precise volumes of liquids.

4. Clocks and watches are accurate to only 1 second.

5. Many physical quantities can be measured with senors connected to
computers.

Ans: TFFFT

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A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

Definitions – Redox

1. Oxidation is a process where a chemical species loses electrons; (Oxidation Is Loss)

2. Reduction is a process where a chemical species gains electrons. (Reduction Is Gain)

3. A redox reaction refers to a reaction where oxidation and reduction occurs simultaneously.

4. An oxidising agent is a species that accepts / gains electrons (is reduced) n a reaction.

5. A reducing agent is a species that donates / loses electrons (is oxidised) in a reaction.

6. A disproportionation reaction is a redox reaction in which one species is simultaneously oxidised and reduced.

e.g. 2Cu+ —-> Cu + Cu2+

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A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

Definitions – Dynamics

1. Mass
Mass is considered as a measure of inertia of a body.

2. Weight
When a mass is placed in a gravitational field, it experiences a gravitational force called weight.

3. Inertia
The property of a body to stay in a state of rest or uniform motion.

4. linear momentum
The momentum of a particle is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity.

5. Newton‟s 1st Law
Every object continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless an external resultant force acts on it.

6. Newton‟s 2nd Law
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on the body and takes place in the direction of the resultant force.

7. Newton‟s 3rd Law
Whenever a force acts on a body, an equal but oppositely directed force of the same kind acts on another body.

8. Net Force
The net Force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum of an object.

9. 1 Newton
It is the force required to give a freely moving body a rate of change of momentum of 1 kgms-2 in the direction of the force.
OR It is the force required to give a mass of 1kg an acceleration of 1 ms-1 in the direction of the force.

10. Impulse
Impulse is the product of a force acting on an object and the time interval for which the force acts.

11. Elastic collision
A collision between two or more objects is considered to be elastic if the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved before and after the collision has taken place.

12. Inelastic collision
A collision between two or more objects is considered to be inelastic if the total kinetic energy of the system before and after the collision is not conserved.

13. Principle of Conservation of Momentum
If there is no resultant external force acting on a system of bodies, the total linear momentum of the system always remain constant.

For exam based questions with solutions, please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J1/J2 H1/H2 Economics Tuition Students

Microeconomics Topic 1.3 : Firms and How They Operate 1 – Perfect Competition

H2 Syllabus :
• Spectrum of market competition
o Features of the different market structures
o Barriers to entry
o Comparison on the basis of productive and allocative efficiency, equity,
innovation and consumer choice

H2 Learning Outcome :
• Explain the key features of each of the market structures.
• Explain how firms compete in the respective market structures based on their features.
• Understand the relevance of barriers to entry in explaining differences between market structures
• Apply these models in analyzing and comparing markets and evaluate their usefulness as explanations of real world competitive behavior.
• Use the concept of profits to illustrate real world competitive behavior of firms in protecting their profits.

1. What is a market in Economics?
A market is a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service.
Markets may be organized or not but it is still a market.

Example of an organized market : Agricultural commodities. Buyers and sellers meet at a specific time and place, where an auctioneer helps set prices and arrange sales.

Example of a market that is not organized : Ice cream along Orchard Road. Buyers of ice cream do not meet together at any one time. The sellers of ice cream are in different locations along Orchard Road and offer somewhat different products e.g Kings brand, Walls brand etc but they are still ice cream. There is no auctioneer calling out the price of ice cream. Each seller posts a price for ice cream at the mobile kiosk, and each buyer decides how much ice cream to buy at each kiosk.

There are four common forms of markets or market structures, namely, Perfectly Competitive, Monopoly, Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition.

For complete lesson notes please contact @9863 9633

From A Level Economic Tutor

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J1/J2 H1/H2 Economics Tuition Students

Fixed and Variable Costs: Why it matters?

Extract 1:
A company with a relatively large amount of variable costs may exhibit more predictable per-unit profit margins than a company with a relatively large amount of fixed costs. This means that if a firm has a large amount of fixed costs, profit margins can really get squeezed when sales fall,
which adds a level of risk to the stocks of these companies. Conversely, the same high-fixed-costs company will experience magnification of profits because any revenue increases are applied across a constant cost level. Thus, as you can see in the example, fixed costs are an important part
of profit projections and the calculation of break-even points for a business or project.

In some cases, high fixed costs discourage new competitors from entering a market and/or help eliminate smaller competitors (that is, fixed costs can be a barrier to entry). Typical fixed costs differ widely among ndustries, and capital-intensive businesses have more long-term fixed costs than other businesses. Airlines, auto manufacturers, and drilling operations usually have high fixed costs. Businesses focused on services like website design, insurance, or tax preparation generally depend on labor rather than physical assets and are thus don’t have as many fixed costs. This is
why comparison of fixed costs is generally most meaningful among companies within the same industry, and investors should define “high” or “low” ratios within this context.

Extract 2:
Knowing your fixed costs can help manage your business more effectively. Businesses with high fixed costs will have different strategies for managing their business than those with high variable costs.
Expenses are generally categorized as either fixed or variable. Fixed costs are the expenses that are incurred regardless of how much is sold or how much is produced. Some typical examples of fixed costs are lease payments, insurances and mobile phone cap. Variable costs are the expenses
that vary depending on your sales or activity level. Variable costs include expenses such as electricity, phone call charges and subcontractors. Businesses with high fixed costs need to consider some of the following points when managing their business:

 Their breakeven point will start higher than a business with high variable costs. Therefore, pricing strategies may need to focus on volumes and not margins. A webinar, e-book or hosting a seminar are examples where this may apply.

 Similarly, the business will need to make sure they sell enough to cover at least their fixed expenses. A business can achieve this by fixing its revenue stream. For example, the mobile phone industry signs customers to a 24 month plan or a consultant seeking a retainer.

 Higher fixed costs may lead the business to be less flexible to changing conditions. In an economic downturn, the business may have increased risk or financial pressures if the business cannot reduce the fixed costs as quickly as the drop in revenue.

 Conversely, in a growing market there is the opportunity to make higher profits. Once sales have exceeded the fixed costs then further sales will go straight to the bottom line. The business may seek a different market or pricing strategy to increase sales.

From A Level Economic Tutor

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A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

Grammar Class

The importance of grammar

Englishmen are very particular about language!
Ensures that your ideas are presented clearly
Always check your language!

“To”
– The verb after “to” would also be in the base form
– “To” is used pretty often in GP essays so note its use please*

Modals
Would, could, should, will, can, may
– In GP, we usually use “may” rather than “will” to avoid sounding too absolute and extreme
– The verb after the modal is always in its base form
– What is the base form of “eat”?
– What is the base form of “take”?

The Present Perfect
– GP essays are largely written in present tense or present perfect tense
– The present perfect comes with: present tense + participle (-en/-ed)
– has {developed, improved,
– have {taken, etc
– Exceptions: has gone, has come
– Present perfect is always used with a time frame (e.g. …for many years, …since she was nine). Except when followed by “to” or “that”

Passives
The prisoner were taken (by the guard) to the camp and tortured

Change this to the active form:

The guard took the prisoner to the camp and tortured him The person carrying out the action is clearly stated (i.e. the guard)

Use the active form to present your ideas more clearly

A level GP Tuition

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A-Level Mathematics Tuition Singapore/JC Maths/H2 Math Tuition and Tutor

Hi A-Level/H2 Math Students

J1 – Teaching Vectors 2

J2 – Prelim P1 Exam Practice

From A Level Math Tutors

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Physics and Chemistry Tuition/Physics Tutor

Misconception Analysis – Kinematics

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. Speed is defined as the rate of change of distance

2. The gradient of a displacement-time graph at any point gives the average velocity

3. The area under the velocity-time graph is the displacement

4. When an object is moving, it must have acceleration.

5. The SI unit for acceleration is ms^-2

Ans TFTFT

From O level Physics Tutor

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Pure Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Misconception Analysis – Kinematics

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. Speed is defined as the rate of change of distance

2. The gradient of a displacement-time graph at any point gives the average velocity

3. The area under the velocity-time graph is the displacement

4. When an object is moving, it must have acceleration.

5. The SI unit for acceleration is ms^-2

Ans TFTFT

From O level Physics Tutor

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O Level E Maths Tuition Singapore/Tuition O Level E Maths/Tutor

Greatest and Smaller Values

If X is between 2 and 10
If Y is between 1 and 15
Both X and Y are positive number

Max (X+Y) = 10+15 = 25
Min (X-Y) = 2-15 = – 13

Max (X-Y) = 10-1 = 9
Min (X-Y) = 2-1 = 1

Max (XY) = 10*15 = 150
Min (XY) = 2*1 = 2

Max (X/Y) = 10/1 = 10
Min (X/Y) = 2/15

From O-Level Elementary Mathematics Singapore Tutor

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O-Level Additional Mathematics Tuition Singapore

S3 – Revision 1 for Mid Year Exam

S4 – Revision 1 for Mid Year Exam

O-Level Additional Mathematics Tutor

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O Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/Chemistry O Level Tuition/Tutor

Chapter 18 – Organic

Macromolecules

Macromolecules (polymers) are formed by linking together many small repeating units known as monomers.

Polymerisation is the process of joining together a large number of small molecules to form a macromolecule.

2 Classes of macromolecules

Synthetic macromolecule
Man-made polymers
Eg. Polyethene, nylon, terylene

Natural macromolecule
Naturally occurring
Eg. Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrate, Cellulose, Wool, Cotton etc…

2 Types of Synthetic Polymerisation

Addition Polymerisation
is a process by which many small unsaturated molecules (monomers) are added onto one another to form one large molecule (polymer).

Condensation Polymerisation
is a process where two monomers react together to produce a large molecule, with the elimination of a small molecule (ie. Water or HCl)

Addition Polymerisation

For ONLY Unsaturated monomers
Conditions : Heat, High pressure, Catalyst
Examples:
Ethene -> Poly(ethene)
Propene -> Poly(propene

O level Chemistry Tutors

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A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

Definitions – AMS

1. The relative atomic mass (Ar) of an element is defined as the average mass of one atom compared to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom.

OR
The relative atomic mass (Ar) of an element is defined as the mass of one mole of atoms compared to 1/12 the mass of one mole of 12C atoms.

2. The relative isotopic mass of an isotope (of a particular element) is defined as the mass of one isotope compared to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom.

3. The relative molecular mass of a molecule is defined as the average mass of one molecule compared to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom.

4. The relative formula mass of an ionic compound is defined as the average mass of one formula unit compared to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom.

OR
The relative formula mass of an ionic compound is defined as the mass of one mole of formula units compared to 1/12 the mass of one mole of 12C atoms.

5. A mole of substance is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many entities (atoms, molecules, ions, electrons or any other particles) as the number of atoms in 12g of the carbon-12.

It is equal to 6.022 X 10^23, which is called the Avogadro constant or Avogadro number.

A level Chemistry Tutors

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