[admin]

A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

Children – Content

According to the US Bureau of Census, International Data Base, there are 1819 million children in the world who are 15 years and below as of 2000. This makes up 30% of the world’s population. Children are generally vulnerable to the world outside as they are unable to protect themselves and to stand up for their rights. We shall discuss and address the problems and concerns, causes and consequences regarding children in the world today.

Millions of children are exploited for labour. Child labour is defined as children working in economic activity that negatively affect their health and development or interfere with education. An estimated 246 million children are engaged in child labour. About 171 million work in hazardous situations or conditions, such as working in mines, working with chemicals and pesticides in agriculture or working with dangerous machinery. Millions of girls work as domestic servants and unpaid household help and are especially vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. However, research has shown that the vast majority of child labourers – 70 per cent or more – work in agriculture. Few examples of countries with high statistics of child labour would be Sub-Saharan Africa with an estimated 48 million child workers, which means almost one child in three below the age of 15 is working, Latin America and the Caribbean with approximately 17.4 million child workers.

Trafficking children is a global problem affecting large numbers of children. Some estimates have as many as 1.2 million children being trafficked every year. There is a demand for trafficked children as cheap labour or for sexual exploitation.

Children and their families are often unaware of the dangers of trafficking, believing that better employment and lives lie in other countries. Trafficking always violates the child’s right to grow up in a family environment. Large numbers of children are being trafficked in West and Central Africa, mainly for domestic work but also for sexual exploitation and to work in shops or on farms. Nearly 90 per cent of these trafficked domestic workers are girls.

Sexual activity is often seen as a private matter, making communities reluctant to act and intervene in cases of sexual exploitation. These attitudes make children more vulnerable to sexual exploitation. Surveys indicate that 30 to 35 per cent of all sex workers in the Mekong sub-region of Southeast Asia are between 12 and 17 years of age. Mexico’s social service agency reports that there are more than 16,000 children engaged in prostitution, with tourist destinations being among those areas with the highest number. In Lithuania, 20 to 50 percent of prostitutes are believed to be minors. Children as young as age 11 are known to work as prostitutes. Children from children’s homes, some 10 to 12 years old, have been used to make pornographic movies.

Child abuse often come in the form of violence. It is one of the most serious problems affecting children today. Much violence is hidden. Children experience violence at home, within their family and from other children.

Violence pervades the societies within which children grow up. They see it in the media. It is part of the economic, cultural and societal norms that make up the child’s environment. It has its roots in issues such as the power relations associated with gender, exclusion, absence of a primary care giver and societal norms that are not protective or respectful of children. Other factors include drugs, availability of firearms, alcohol abuse, unemployment, crime, impunity and cultures of silence.

Violence can have severe implications for children’s development. In the most severe cases, it can lead to death or injury. However, it can also affect children’s health, their ability to learn or even their willingness to go to school at all. It can lead children to run away from home, exposing them to further risks. Violence also destroys children’s self-confidence and can undermine their ability to be good parents in the future. Children subjected to violence have a heightened risk of depression and suicide in later life. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 40 million children below the age of 15 suffer from abuse and neglect, and require health and social care.

In view of these issues, many organisations and campaigns are set up to help protect the children and to be their voice. Examples would be The United Nations Children’s Fund – UNICEF, Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre (CWIN) a pioneer child rights organisation in Nepal, Singapore’s Children Society, lightamillioncandles.com an online website campaign against child pornography. However, the effectiveness of these actions will depend largely on the support given by the public.

“It takes a whole village to raise a child.”
– African Proverb

Everyone has a part to play in protecting the rights of the children.

Situation in Singapore.

Parents who abuse their children physically, psychologically, sexually and neglecting them can be charged up in court. If children are found begging or used for illegal activities are considered ill treated. Employment Act last year to raise the minimum working age for children and young persons from 14 to 15 years. This is in line with a key International Labour Organisation (ILO) convention that restricts the minimum age of children in employment which Singapore has recently ratified in November 2005.

Ministry investigated an average of 188 complaints of alleged child abuse each year. Only in 40% of cases did investigations reveal real evidence of abuse. Granted, the number of cases with evidence of abuse increased by about one and a half times from 61 in 2000 to 90 in 2004. This is due largely to greater awareness among those who have regular contact with children and who reported the incidents to the authorities for intervention.

Number of physical abuse cases has gone down between 2003 and 2004.

A Level General Paper Admin

[admin]

A-Level Mathematics Tuition Singapore/JC Maths/H2 Math Tuition and Tutor

Hi A-Level/H2 Math Students

J1 – Teaching Series and Sequence

J2 – Teaching Sampling Plan

From A Level Math Tutors

[admin]

O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Physics and Chemistry Tuition/Physics Tutor

Misconception Analysis – Mass Weight and Density

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. Mass is always constant.

2. Weight increases as mass increases.

3. Weight cannot be measured by beam balance.

4. Gravitational field strength is numerically equal to the acceleration due to gravity.

5. An object with bigger mass has higher inertial than an object with smaller mass.

Ans : TTFTT

From O level Physics Tutor

[admin]

O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Pure Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Misconception Analysis – Mass Weight and Density

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. Mass is always constant.

2. Weight increases as mass increases.

3. Weight cannot be measured by beam balance.

4. Gravitational field strength is numerically equal to the acceleration due to gravity.

5. An object with bigger mass has higher inertial than an object with smaller mass.

Ans : TTFTT

From O level Physics Tutor

[admin]

O Level E Maths Tuition Singapore/Tuition O Level E Maths/Tutor

Transformation Part 2

1. Translation
A translation is a transformation which moves all points in a plane through the same distance in the same direction

2. Enlargement
An enlargement, centre O and scale factor k is a transformation which enlarges a given figure k times the original size.

From O-Level Elementary Mathematics Singapore Tutor

[admin]

O-Level Additional Mathematics Tuition Singapore

Sum and Product of Roots

Equation : ax^2+bx+c=0

Sum of roots = alpha + beta = -b/a
Product of roots = (alpha)(beta) = c/a

If you need help please in this topic contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

[admin]

O Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/Chemistry O Level Tuition/Tutor

Purification of Substances

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. In filtration, the filtrate is always a pure liquid.

2. Drinking water can only be obtained from seawater by distillation.

3. The fractional distillation of miscible liquids is only possible if the liquids have different boiling points.

4. Paper chromatography is a physical method for separating mixutres.

5. Mixtures have fixed melting and boiling points.

Ans: FFTTF

O level Chemistry Tutors

[admin]

A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

Definitions – Atomic Structure

1. Atomic number of an element refers to the number of protons it contains. Mass number (nucleon number) refers to the sum of the protons and neutrons it contains.

2. Isotopes refer to atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

3. An atomic orbital is defined as a region of three-dimensional space around the nucleus, whereby there is a 95% chance of locating a particular electron. Each orbital has a characteristic energy level and shape.

For ‘A’ level syllabus, you need to know the shapes of s and p orbitals.

A level Chemistry Tutors

[admin]

A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

Definitions – Forces

1. Frictional force
Friction is the tangential force that occurs between two surfaces in contact with each other.

2. Normal Contact Force
Normal contact force is the normal (perpendicular) force that occurs between two surfaces in contact with each other.

3. Centre of gravity
The centre of gravity of a body is the single point at which the entire weight of the body appears to act.

4. Moment of a Force
The moment of a force about a pivot is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force

5. Couple
A couple consists of two forces, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction whose lines of action do not coincide.

6. Torque of a Couple
The torque of a couple is the product of one of the forces and the perpendicular distance between the forces.

7. Rotational Equilibrium
The principle of moments states that, for a body to be in rotational equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point must be equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the same point.

8. Translational Equilibrium
An object in translational equilibrium has no resultant force acting on the object (no linear acceleration)

9. Upthrust
Upthrust is the upward buoyant force exerted by the fluid on the immersed object due to a difference in pressure experienced by the upper and lower surfaces of the object.

10. Archimedes‟ Principle
The upthrust acting on a body due to a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that it has displaced.

For exam based questions with solutions, please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

[admin]

A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J2 H1/H2 Economics Tuition Students

Common Mistakes/Important Comments of the Week

1) CSQ Question:
In light of the data provided, assess the relative success of Germany and Greece in recovering from a global financial crisis. [8]

2) This questions requires these 3 questions to be answered:
a) “Relative success” = Which country is more successful and in terms of what goals?
b) “Assess” = Why is that country more success than the other? Give the
economic analysis using AD-AS
c) “Recovering” = Will this country continue to be successful into the future?

3) None of you clarified “success” in terms of the four macroeconomic goals. In the
end, most of you seem to take the meaning of success as “who has higher AD and higher economic growth”

4) Very few of you clarified the year when GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS occurs. Its 2007.
None of you clarified the nature of this crisis. In the introduction, should mention:
a) Global financial crisis occurred in 2007 and lasted throughout 2007 and
2008
b) Involves collapse of banks and rise in unemployment globally
c) Results in global decline in AD.
d) Hence in comparing which country is and will be more successful in
recovering, we consider 3 key macroeconomic goals of growth, employment
and balance of trade. In addition, since the nature of the crisis is to cause a fall in AD, the success will depend on both Germany and Greece ability in managing the different components of AD.

5) Very few of you wrote anti-thesis for Germany

For complete comments please contact @9863 9633

From A Level Economic Tutor

[admin]

A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J1 H1/H2 Economics Tuition Students

Microeconomics Tutorial 8 : Concept Teasers

1. Why does a light come on when you open the refrigerator but not when you open the freezer?

Economic Concept(s) :

Explanation :

2. Why do many bars charge customers for water but give them peanuts for free?

Economic Concept(s) :

Explanation :

3. Why do new luxury cars account for a higher proportion of cars sold in Singapore than in the US?

The average income in Singapore is about the same as in the US, and the income distributions in the 2 countries are about the same too. Yet, BMW, Mercedes and other luxury manufacturers enjoy a much higher market share in Singapore. This becomes more pronounced when COE prices are high. Why are Singaporeans more likely to buy luxury cars?

Economic Concept(s) :

Explanation :

For answer of this lesson notes please contact @9863 9633

From A Level Economic Tutor

[admin]

A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

Essay Example

“The elderly are nothing but a burden to society.” Is this true?

Assumption: The elderly are a burden to society / The elderly are sometimes a burden to society / The elderly are not a burden to society.

Topical term: “elderly”
Who would the “elderly” consist of?
– The United Nations and most developed countries recognise anyone the age of 65 and above as an elderly.
– The elderly in most countries can also be defined by their eligibility to receive pensions.
– In Singapore, the elderly are known as “senior citizens”. At the age of 60, they qualify for public transport concessions.

Be careful: It is more important to think about the elderly in terms of their characteristics – which could make them a burden – rather than their age. Do not be too fixated on defining them in that manner.

Generic term: “nothing but a burden”
This term can also be seen in other questions with a different topic. Generic terms contain the issue of contention in the question. Remember that you must prove the generic term.

Criteria of Proof: “…burden”
Show that the elderly are a liability/vexation/an encumbrance/hindrance and/or do not bring about any benefits/value at all. Show also that society/individuals find it difficult to include the elderly and accommodate them in various aspects because doing so comes at a cost.

Note the absolute in the generic term: “nothing”
Remember that the stand taken in questions with absolute terms is usually “No”.

The words “largely” and “occasionally” are also known as qualifiers. You can use such qualifiers in your essays to lend greater nuance to your answers.

How might the elderly be a “burden”?
Brainstorm using SPERM, CAF or CAL. Some points are given as examples below:

– Physically weaker and slower compared to the younger population, the elderly become a liability due to their inability to contribute physically and even encumbering others as they require others to help them with physically challenging tasks.
– Economically, the elderly are not as productive as the younger working adults. Their old age translate into reduced efficiency, which is detrimental for the economy.
– Furthermore, they are a burden as the younger adults need to support the retired/unemployed elderly financially. This problem is compounded when the elderly are afflicted with a range of illnesses which require expensive treatment and medicine.

For complete essay, please contact @9863 9633

[admin]

A-Level Mathematics Tuition Singapore/JC Maths/H2 Math Tuition and Tutor

Hi A-Level/H2 Math Students

J1 – Practice Mid Year Exam Papers

J2 – Teaching Normal Distribution

From A Level Math Tutors

[admin]

O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Physics and Chemistry Tuition/Physics Tutor

Misconception Analysis – Dynamics

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. A resultant force is needed to start a motion.

2. A resultant force is needed to keep an object moving with constant velocity.

3. When there is no resultant fore acting on an object, the object may be at rest.

4. A resultant force will cause the object to move faster.

5. According to Newton, forces always act in pairs

Ans – TFTFT

From O level Physics Tutor

[admin]

O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Pure Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Misconception Analysis – Dynamics

Stop and Think, are the following questions True or False

1. A resultant force is needed to start a motion.

2. A resultant force is needed to keep an object moving with constant velocity.

3. When there is no resultant fore acting on an object, the object may be at rest.

4. A resultant force will cause the object to move faster.

5. According to Newton, forces always act in pairs

Ans – TFTFT

From O level Physics Tutor

[Author]

Posts