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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J1 H1 Economics Tuition Students

Microeconomics Essay Practice

Time Allowed : 45 minutes

TYS 2012

Most brands of car are available in different models. A large rise in the cost of car manufacture and a rise in incomes are likely to affect the sales of various models of car in different ways.

(a) Explain how elasticities of demand can assist in understanding the effect of each of these changes on the sales volume of different models of car. [12]

(b) Compare and contrast the likely combined impact of both these changes on the revenue earned from the sales of different models of car.
[13]

For model answers please contact Angie Hp 96790479 or Mr Ong 98639633

[admin]

A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi J1 H1 Economics Tuition Students

Microeconomics Essay Practice

Time Allowed : 45 minutes

TYS 2012

Most brands of car are available in different models. A large rise in the cost of car manufacture and a rise in incomes are likely to affect the sales of various models of car in different ways.

(a) Explain how elasticities of demand can assist in understanding the effect of each of these changes on the sales volume of different models of car. [12]

(b) Compare and contrast the likely combined impact of both these changes on the revenue earned from the sales of different models of car.
[13]

For model answers please contact Angie Hp 96790479 or Mr Ong 98639633

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A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

TO Master to PERFECTION before A’levels (Part 1)

Standard Definitions (Don’t Memorize. But appreciate and understand why key terms are important)

– Relative atomic, isotopic, molecular and formula mass, based on the 12C scale (just give mathematical expression)

– Mole in terms of the Avogadro constant
– VSEPR (2 assumptions)
– Basic assumptions of the kinetic theory as applied to an ideal gas
– Standard enthalpies (11 of them)
– Hess’ Law
– Entropy
– Standard electrode potential and standard cell potential
– Dynamic Equilibrium, LCP
– Strong and weak acids and bases
– Kc, KP, Ka, Kb, Kw, KSP,pH etc. (m. expression)
– Rate of reaction; rate equation; order of reaction; rate constant; (m. expression)
– Half life of a reaction
– Rate-determining step
– Activation energy
– Catalysts
– Transition metal, ligands, complex, coordination number
– Proteins 1o,2o,3o structure, Denaturation

For exam based questions with solutions please contact @9863 9633

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A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

Discussion Eassy

Is it true that nothing intimidates men more than capable and successful women?

While saying that NOTHING intimidates men more than capable and successful women may be stretching it more than a little, the statement is probably valid for quite a few men out there.

Yes, it is true
 Especially so for male-dominated societies where female leadership and entrepreneurship is still relatively rare, men do not know how to react to a female boss.
 Men who are safe and secure in their belief that women are the weaker sex may find women who are more capable and successful than them very disconcerting.
 For some men, their manhood seems to be all they have and having capable or successful females around them may represent their final emasculation.
 The perception that for a capable and successful woman to be in a position they are in, given a patriarchal society, they are probably more domineering and ruthless than a male boss who does not have to work against the odds.

No, it is not true
 Males, especially in more progressive societies, are far more evolved and liberated as compared to before, and are able to accept female leaders and bosses readily, or in some cases, prefer to work for one (especially if the female boss is one who uses the traditional qualities of women, such as being empathetic and nurturing, to get to her position of leadership)
 They may feel a little threatened by women, but there are far more important things in life to be worries about.
 Some men do not even believe in gender roles and gender stereotyping anymore. They may be threatened by more successful and capable people, but this is regardless of gender.
 Some men, equally capable and successful, do not feel the threat, and might even be drawn to women who share those same traits as them.

Students could also consider how some men, especially the extremely bigoted ones, may not necessary feel intimidation but rather contempt for these women, who do not, in their opinions, perform their rightful roles. A good answer will show an awareness of the implications of the question, take a stand but provide a balanced response, and whenever possible, illustrate their arguments with appropriate examples (but not absolutely necessary for this question).

Contact 9863 9633 for complete article

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A-Level Mathematics Tuition Singapore/JC Maths/H2 Math Tuition and Tutor

Hi A-Level/H2 Math Students

J1 – 30 min Modular Graphing Technique

J2 – 30 min Modular Revision Complex Numbers

From A Level Math Tutors

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A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

Current of Electricity – Definitions

1. Electric Current
Electric current at a particular point in a circuit is the rate of flow of charge past that point.

2. Electric Charge
Electric charge flowing past a point in a circuit over a time interval when there is a constant current through it, is the product of the current and the time interval.

3. 1 Coulomb
A charge of 1 coulomb is defined as the charge passing a point in a circuit when there is a constant current of 1 ampere for a time of 1 second.

4. Potential difference
The potential difference between two points in a circuit is the amount of electrical energy converted to other forms of energy per unit charge when the charge passes from one point to another.

5. 1 Volt
One volt is defined as the potential difference between 2 points in a circuit in which 1 joule of electrical energy is converted into other forms of energy when a charge of 1 coulomb passes from one point to the other.

6. Resistance
It is the ratio of the potential difference across the conductor to the current through the conductor

7. 1 Ohm
1 ohm () is the resistance of a conductor when the ratio of potential difference across the conductor to the current in it is 1 volt per ampere.

8. Ohm‟s Law
Ohm‟s law states that under constant physical conditions (i.e. temperature, mechanical stress, etc.) the steady current flowing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it.

9. Electromotive force
E.m.f. of a source is defined as the amount of energy converted from other forms to electrical energy per unit charge when the source drives the charge round a complete circuit.

For exam based questions with solutions, please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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A-Level Biology Tuition Singapore/H2 Biology Tuition/JC Biology Tutor

Respiration Lesson 1 Feedback

1. Highlight the different phrasing between Biology & Chemistry

I’m not sure if I have captured all, but I think the difference is mainly between the phrasing used to describe biological molecules:
e.g. “peptide bond” in Bio VS “amide bond” in Chem
e.g. “hydrophobic interactions” in Bio VS “van der Waals interactions” in Chem
e.g. “exergonic / endergonic” in Bio VS “exothermic / endothermic” in Chem

If you encounter any more different phrasings in the 2 subjects, please check with me.

2. How is the addition of Pi done and where is the Pi obtained from?

Addition of Pi is done by an enzyme (you do not need to know its’ name). The Pi is either dissolved in the cell cytosol (it is an anion, PO43-), or found in phosphate granules in the mitochondrion / chloroplast, which are large aggregations of phosphate.

3. Since fructose 6 phosphate is a symmetrical sugar, how come 2 different sugars (DHAP and G3P) are obtained?

F6P is actually not fully symmetrical; that is a simplistic way of looking at things.
The 2 sugars produced are isomers of each other and are readily interconvertible.
As G3P is constantly used up, by Le Chatelier’s principle the position of
equilibrium of the isomerization reaction shifts in favour of G3P. Hence, you can simplify the idea by saying that cleavage of F6P results in 2 molecules of G3P.

For exam based questions and solutions, please contact Hp @9863 9633

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Pure Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Key Points – Energy, Work and Power

1. Energy is the ability to do work.

2. Energy can exist in many forms. It can be converted from one form to another.

3. Gravitational potential energy Ep is the energy possessed by an object due to its position in a gravitational field.

Ep = mgh
m = mass of the object
g = gravitational constant
h = height of the object from a reference level

4. Kinetics energy Ek is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

Ek = 1/2mv^2
m = mass of the object
v = velocity of the object

5. Principle of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system is constant.

Total initial energy = Total final energy

6. Work done of an object WD is the product of force F acting on the object and distance d travelled by the object in the direction of the force.

WD = F x d

7. SI unit of energy and work done is Joule (J)

8. Power P is the rate of work done WD

P = WD/Time

9. Power is also define as rate of energy E

P = E/Time

10. SI unit for power is watt (w)

For more key points and exam based questions with full worked solution, please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Physics and Chemistry Tuition/Physics Tutor

The Mole – Key Points

1. Both relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass have no units.

2. Empirical formula an molecular formula may or may not be the same.

3. The total percentage composition of the elements in the compound must be 100%.

4. 1 dm^3 = 1000 cm^3

5. When calculating the Mr of a substance in the reaction, do not include the coefficient.

For more key points and exam based questions with full worked solutions please contact Mr Ong @98639833

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O Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/Chemistry O Level Tuition/Tutor

The Mole – Key Points

1. Both relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass have no units.

2. Empirical formula an molecular formula may or may not be the same.

3. The total percentage composition of the elements in the compound must be 100%.

4. 1 dm^3 = 1000 cm^3

5. When calculating the Mr of a substance in the reaction, do not include the coefficient.

For more key points and exam based questions with full worked solutions please contact Mr Ong @98639833

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O-Level Additional Mathematics Tuition Singapore

S3 – Teaching Proof in Plane Geometry 2

S4 – Practice Exam questions focusing on Trigonometry 2

If you need help please in this topic contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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O Level E Maths Tuition Singapore/Tuition O Level E Maths/Tutor

S3 – Teaching Trigonometry 2

S4 – Revising Statistics – Frequency Table, Bar Charts, Pie Charts, line graph, Pictograms, Dot diagrams, Stem and leaf diagrams,Histograms and practice P1 prelim question

From O-Level Elementary Mathematics Singapore Tutor

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A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

Children

Situation in Singapore.

Parents who abuse their children physically, psychologically, sexually and neglecting them can be charged up in court. If children are found begging or used for illegal activities are considered ill treated. Employment Act last year to raise the minimum working age for children and young persons from 14 to 15 years. This is in line with a key International Labour Organisation (ILO) convention that restricts the minimum age of children in employment which Singapore has recently ratified in November 2005.

Ministry investigated an average of 188 complaints of alleged child abuse each year. Only in 40% of cases did investigations reveal real evidence of abuse. Granted, the number of cases with evidence of abuse increased by about one and a half times from 61 in 2000 to 90 in 2004. This is due largely to greater awareness among those who have regular contact with children and who reported the incidents to the authorities for intervention.

Number of physical abuse cases has gone down between 2003 and 2004.

Contact 9863 9633 for complete article

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Hi H2 Economics Tuition Students

Economic Growth

I) Definition
General definition, Actual growth, Potential Growth, PPC Diagram to illustrate.

II) Indicators
GDP
Real GDP
Real GDP per capita
Data on labor productivity
Data on capital productivity
Data on land area
Data on labor force
Data on amount of crude oil deposits/reserves

III) Causes of low growth or negative growth (RECESSION)
Lack of AD
Lack of investment into human capital and capital equipment

IV) Consequences of recession
Rising unemployment
Falling standard of living

V) Policies/Limitations (to be covered in future)

VI) Trade-Offs
Growth and Inflation (Arguments and Counter Arguments)
Growth and Balance of Trade (Arguments and Counter Arguments)

For complete notes and exam based question with model answers please contact Angie Hp 96790479 or Mr Ong 98639633

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A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

Organic Chemistry – Concepts

1. Empirical formula is the simplest formula that shows the ratio of each kind of atom in a molecule. e.g. C2H5 is the empirical formula for C4H10

2. Molecular formula shows the actual number of each kind of atoms in a molecule. e.g. C4H10

3. Structural formula shows how the atoms are connected to each other in a molecule. e.g. CH3CH2CH2CH3

4. Displayed/full formula shows all the bonds and relative placing of all the atoms in a molecule.

5. Homologous series are compounds have the same general formula and functional group and each homologue differs from its neighbor by a fixed group of atoms (e.g.–CH2). As we go down a homologous series, the chemical properties remain unchanged but there is a gradual change in physical properties. Examples of homologous series are alkanes, alkenes, alcohols…..

6. Structural isomerism refers to compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula. E.g. CH3COOCH3 and C2H5COOH

7. Stereoisomerism refers to compounds that have the same molecular formula but with different spatial arrangements.

• Geometric isomers have same carbon skeleton with double bonds restricting free rotation. For geometric isomerism to exist, there must be two different groups of atoms bonded to each side of the C=C bond.

• Optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other (enantiomers). Isomers have at least one chiral C atom, i.e. there are four different groups attached and have no plane of symmetry. An equal proportion of enantiomers forms a racemic mixture which is optically inactive.

8. The primary structure of a protein shows the exact order (or unique sequence) of the -amino acids held by peptide/amide linkages along the polypeptide chain. The primary structure determines what the protein is, how it folds and its function.

9. The secondary structure refers to the detailed configurations of the polypeptide chain. In a protein molecule, the long chain of amino acid units may be coiled into an -helix or folded into a -pleated sheet. Both structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the N-H group of one amino acid residue and the C=O group of another along the main chain.

10. The tertiary structure of the protein refers to the overall 3-dimensional shape of the entire protein involving folding or coiling of the chains. It shows how protein molecules are arranged in relation to each other.

There are four types of R group interactions which hold the tertiary structure in its shape.

 van der Waals’ forces (induced dipole-induced dipole bonding) exist when non-polar R groups (e.g. alkyl or aryl groups) come close together. They are usually found on the inside of globular proteins where, because they are hydrophobic, they do not interfere with solubility.

 hydrogen bonding between polar groups (e.g.. –CH2OH, -COOH and –NH2 groups).

 ionic bonding eg. –COO-, -NH3+, and >NH2+.

 disulfide linkages eg. –SH or –CH2-S-S-CH2- groups.
Quaternary structure of proteins refers to the spatial arrangement of its protein subunits. It shows how the individually folded protein subunits are packed together to yield large structures. This only applies to proteins that contain two or more polypeptide chains. The individual polypeptide chains are called the subunits. E.g. haemoglobin contains 4 subunits, each containing a haem group.

11. It is stabilized by the same R-group interactions that stabilise the tertiary structure.

12. Denaturation is the loss of biological activity of a native protein. When proteins are denatured, the secondary and tertiary structures are disrupted i.e. the R group interactions are broken or destroyed. Note that the primary structure remains unaffected.
Factors that can lead to denaturation include extremes in pH, temperature, ionic salts, heavy metal compounds, presence of organic solvents etc.

For exam based questions with solutions please contact @9863 9633

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