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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Pure Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Key Points – Magnetism Part 1

1. A magnetic field exists around a magnet.

2. A magnetic field is a region in which another magnet or magnetic material experiences a magnetic force.

3. This magnetic force is either repulsion or attraction.

4. A magnet always has a north pole and south pole. The magnetic field of a magnet is the strongest at the poles.

5. Magnetic materials are attracted to both ends of a magnet. Magnets do not affect non-magnetic materials.

6. Like poles repel while unlike poles attract.

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A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

1. The view of the majority is always right. Do you agree?

Keywords
‘view’: opinion, perspective, values
‘majority’: larger group, such as racial/ religious/ economic/ class
‘always’: absolute
‘right’: what society accepts as the norm, or what is universally ‘right’, or what is in the best interest of the society

Question Requirements
• Students should show understanding of the different definitions of ‘right
• Students should explore a range of issues to show that the majority can define what is socially ‘right’, which has negative repercussions

Pitfalls
• Students give standard scenarios (eg. Hitler, Holcaust)
• Narrow scope, with an emphasis on democracy

Possible stands

The view of the majority can be right
• The view of the majority is the basis of democracy. Decisions are made based on consensus.
• Wisdom of the majority.
• Efficiency in decision-making, as compared to taking everyone’s views into account

The view of the majority may not always be right
• Possible discrimination. Tyranny of majority over minority. Holier-than-thou attitude
• Decisions based on lowest common denominator. Tends to be conservative.
• Mob instinct.
• Assumes that people are educated and are able to make the right decisions. Could have ignorant majority.
• Cultural/ social norms of majority may lead to social problems ie. Morally wrong eg. Honour killing
• People act in self-interest and may not make decisions in the best interest of society

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A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

One.Tution Place students are encouraged to continue learning beyond the classroom. Online Chemistry FAQ resources with fully worked-out solutions are available to the students to equip them with handy strategies to handle higher order thinking questions

If you need more exam based questions with full worked solution, please contact @9863 9633

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A-Level Mathematics Tuition Singapore/JC Maths/H2 Math Tuition and Tutor

Hi A-Level/H2 Math Students

Problem Students Encounter

1. Do not understand the concept at all.
2. Understand the concept but do not know how to apply especially complex questions
3. Understand Lecture Notes and can do the tutorials but do badly in the exam
4. How to memorized all formulae or concepts especially Vectors, Complex Number & Integration and Applications

If these are the problems you encounter. Math tutor in One.Tution Place can help you. Please call Mr Ong @9863 9633

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A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

Mastering Qualitative Questions

Chapter 9 Oscillations

1. State and explain two features of the graph which suggests that particle P is moving in simple harmonic motion. [2]

2. Distinguish between frequency and angular frequency for a body undergoing simple harmonic motion. [2]

3. In normal use, the loudspeaker produces a range of frequencies of sound. Suggest why is it important that the natural frequencies of vibration of the cone of the loudspeaker is not within this range of frequencies. [3]

For the above questions models answer, please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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A-Level Biology Tuition Singapore/H2 Biology Tuition/JC Biology Tutor

JC 2 Biology Tuition Schedule Jan – March 2014

4-Jan Saturday Energetics: Photosynthesis – Lecture
11 Jan Saturday Energetics: Photosynthesis – Lecture
18-Jan Saturday Energetics: Photosynthesis – Tutorials
25-Jan Saturday Energetics: Photosynthesis – Tutorials

8-Feb Saturday Genetic Basis of Variation – Lecture
15-Feb Saturday Genetic Basis of Variation – Lecture
22-Feb Saturday Genetic Basis of Variation – Tutorials

1-Mar Saturday Genetic Basis of Variation – Tutorials
8-Mar Saturday Genetic Basis of Variation – Tutorials
15-Mar Saturday Cell Signalling – Lecture
22-Mar Saturday Cell Signalling – Lecture
29-Mar Saturday Cell Signalling – Tutorials

5-Apr Saturday Cell Signalling – Tutorials

For exam based questions and solutions, please contact Hp @9863 9633

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

J2 H2 Economics

Appendix to CSQ on Economic Growth

1) APEC = Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
a) 21 members, including Singapore
b) A forum for ministers from member countries to discuss and cooperate on policies.
c) Mission Statement: To support sustainable economic growth and prosperity in Asia-Pacific Region

2) Example of APEC involvement in inter-country policy making:
a) When APEC Leaders gathered in Bogor, Indonesia in 1994, they committed to achieve free and open trade and investment by 2010 for industrialized economies and by 2020 for developing economies. APEC members agreed to pursue this goal by further reducing barriers to trade and investment and by promoting the free flow of goods, services and capital.
b) These targets became known as the “Bogor Goals,” an ambitious manifestation of APEC’s common belief that free and open trade and investment are essential to realize the growth potential of the region and enhance economic and social outcomes for all APEC economies.
c) In 2010, the target year for the industrialized economies to achieve the Bogor Goals, five industrialized economies, as well as eight volunteering developing economies, underwent a detailed assessment of progress made in free and open regional trade and investment under the Bogor Goals, which was conducted by APEC.
d) Based on the analyses of these efforts and achievements made by these thirteen economies, and taking into account the various developments of global circumstances, APEC Leaders concluded that while more work remains to be done, significant progress has been made toward achieving the Bogor Goals at their Meeting in Yokohama, Japan in 2010.

3) Examples of Singapore’s effort to target new niche areas via R and D
a) Automotive
b) Lifestyle Products/Services
c) Nanotechnology
d) Natural Resources
e) Safety and Security
f) Space

4) Balance of Payments
a) Current Account
i. Balance of Trade (Export Earnings – Import Spending)
ii. Net Property Income from Abroad
b) Capital Account
i. Short Term Capital Flow
ii. Long Term Capital Flow
c) Official Financing Account

Please contact Angie Hp 96790479 or Mr Ong 98639633 if you need help in Economics and complete Notes

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O-Level Additional Mathematics Tuition Singapore

S3 – Teaching Indices and practice exam questions

S4 – Revising Binomial Expansions and practice exam questions

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@9863 9633

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O Level E Maths Tuition Singapore/Tuition O Level E Maths/Tutor

Decimal Places and Significant Figures

To round off a decimal

1. Include one extra digit for consideration.

2. Drop the extra digit if it is less than 5

3. If is is 5 or more, add 1 to the previous number before dropping the extra digit

Example
Express 2.8547

a) correct to 3 decimal place
2.855

b) correct to 2 decimal place
2.85

c) correct to 1 decimal place
2.9

For Exam based questions with full worked solution. Please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Physics and Chemistry Tuition/Physics Tutor

Alkanes

1. Saturated hydrocarbon are hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms.

2. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with one or more double bond or triple bond between carbon atoms.

3. The alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general molecular formula CnH2n+1 where n = 1, 2, 3, ……

4. Alkanes contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in an alkane molecule uses all its valence electrons in forming single bonds with four other atoms.

5. First four members of the alkane
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10

If you need help in the Organic Chemistry, please contact Angie @96790479 or Mr Ong 98639633

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Physics and Chemistry Tuition/Physics Tutor

Key Points – Practical Electricity Part 4

13. A circuit breaker is a safety device that automatically switches off a circuit when excessive current flows through it. This protect electrical appliances from damage arising from circuit faults.

14. Double insulation is a safety feature that uses layers of insulation that keeps electricity within the circuit and protects the appliances’s internal components.

15. Double insulated electrical appliances use two-pin plugs because that there is no need for the earth wire, and they normally do not have a metal casting.

16. Switches, fuses and circuit breakers are connected to the live wires. When a circuit is disconnected by these safety devices, current is no longer supplied to the faculty circuit or electrical appliance.

If you need help in the above topics, please contact Angie @96790479 or Mr Ong @98639633

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O Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/Chemistry O Level Tuition/Tutor

Alkanes

1. Saturated hydrocarbon are hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms.

2. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with one or more double bond or triple bond between carbon atoms.

3. The alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general molecular formula CnH2n+1 where n = 1, 2, 3, ……

4. Alkanes contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in an alkane molecule uses all its valence electrons in forming single bonds with four other atoms.

5. First four members of the alkane
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10

If you need help in the Organic Chemistry, please contact Angie @96790479 or Mr Ong 98639633

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Pure Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Key Points – Practical Electricity Part 4

13. A circuit breaker is a safety device that automatically switches off a circuit when excessive current flows through it. This protect electrical appliances from damage arising from circuit faults.

14. Double insulation is a safety feature that uses layers of insulation that keeps electricity within the circuit and protects the appliances’s internal components.

15. Double insulated electrical appliances use two-pin plugs because that there is no need for the earth wire, and they normally do not have a metal casting.

16. Switches, fuses and circuit breakers are connected to the live wires. When a circuit is disconnected by these safety devices, current is no longer supplied to the faculty circuit or electrical appliance.

If you need help in the above topics, please contact Angie @96790479 or Mr Ong @98639633

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

J2 H1 Economics for Academic Year 2014

Topic 2.2 Macroeconomic Aims, Problems/Issues, Consequences and Policies

Syllabus

Macroeconomic Problems and their Causes
• Undesirable rates of economic growth
• High inflation rate
• High unemployment rate
• Persistent or large balance of payments deficit

Outcome
• Explain the meaning of undesirable rates of economic growth, high inflation rate, high unemployment rate and persistent or large balance of payments deficit.
• Analyse the causes and consequence of macroeconomic problems.

Macroeconomics Lecture 4 : Undesirable Rates of Economic Growth

4.1 Recap : Economic Growth

Economic Growth is the increase in an economy’s level of real output over time.

Rate of Economic Growth is the percentage increase in national output over a 12-month period.

Aim of governments : High and sustained rates of economic growth.

Reason : To advance the standard of living of the people.

4.2 Recap : Actual Growth Vs Potential Growth

Actual economic growth is the annual percentage increase in national output i.e. the rate of growth in actual output. Published statistics on growth rates (such as that in Table 1) are examples of actual economic growth.

Potential economic growth is the speed at which the economy could grow. It is the annual percentage increase in the capacity (potential) of the economy to produce or develop i.e. the rate of growth in potential output.

Potential economic growth may be achieved by :

• Increase in the quantity of available resources such as labour, land, capital and entrepreneurship.

• Improvement in the quality of the available resources.

Actual and Potential Growth may be illustrated by 2 models :
• PPC
• AD/AS

Please contact Angie Hp 96790479 or Mr Ong 98639633 if you need help in Economics and complete Notes

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A-Level Biology Tuition Singapore/H2 Biology Tuition/JC Biology Tutor

TOPIC 1: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS – Part 7

LEARNING OUTCOME

(g) Analyse the molecular structure of a protein with a quaternary structure e.g. haemoglobin, as an example of a globular protein, and of collagen as an example of a fibrous protein, and relate these structures to their functions.

ESSAY ANSWER

Globular protein – Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin is an example of a globular protein. It is required for the
transport of oxygen in blood. The adult haemoglobin molecule has a quaternary structure as it is made up of 4 separate polypeptide chain subunits; consisting of two  chain subunits and two  chain subunits. The 2  chains each consists of 141 amino acids while the 2  chains each contains 146 amino acids. Both
and  chain subunits consist primarily of helix secondary structure.

Haemoglobin molecule is a good transport protein for oxygen for the
following reasons:

1. Globular structure
The haemoglobin molecule is globular in shape. Hence many haemoglobin
molecules can be packed into a red blood cell for transport of oxygen.

2. Four subunits
Each haemoglobin molecule consists of four subunits each capable of
binding one oxygen molecule. This greatly facilitates transport of oxygen by haemoglobin.

3. Haemoglobin is an allosteric protein
This means that the binding of O2 to one of the subunits is affected by its interaction with the other subunits. The binding of one O2 molecule to one of the subunits induces the remaining unfilled subunits to change their shape slightly so that their affinity for O2 increases. Thus the loading of the first O2 molecule results in rapid loading of 3 more O2. The binding of O2 to haemoglobin is said to be cooperative. Conversely, when one subunit unloads oxygen, the other 3 more readily unload as a conformation change lowers their affinity for O2.

4. Haem binding site
Each haemoglobin subunit consists of a protein (globin) and a non-protein (haem group) component. The structure of globin is globular except for a deep hydrophobic cleft. This is the haem binding site. It is lined with hydrophobic amino acid residues to provide a hydrophobic environment for the haem group, which is largely hydrophobic.

5. Porphyrin ring and an iron ion (Fe2+)
The haem group consists of a porphyrin ring and an iron ion (Fe2+).
The Fe2+is at the centre of the planar porphyrin ring. The haem is so oriented that its Fe2+ on one face is complexed to an amino acid residue, leaving the other face accessible for oxygen binding. The Fe2+ can combine reversibly with oxygen and hence enhances the release of oxygen in metabolically active tissues such as muscle.

6. Secondary Structure (a helix)
Each polypeptide chain in haemoglobin consists of both hydrophilic and
hydrophobic amino acid residues. The secondary structure of the
polypeptide is folded such that the bulk of the hydrophobic amino acid
residues are buried in the interior of the globular structure while the
hydrophilic amino acid residues are on the outside. This makes the
haemoglobin soluble in an aqueous medium and hence a good transport
protein for oxygen in blood.

Fibrous protein – Collagen
An example of a fibrous protein with a quaternary structure is collagen.
Collagen is a type of fibrous protein and is found in skin, tendons, cartilage, bones, teeth and connective tissue of blood vessels. It is a structural protein that provides great mechanical and tensile strength resisting tearing and stretching.

Collagen consists of 3 polypeptide chains (each chain known as
chain) that wind around each other. The complete triple-helix compound is called tropocollagen. Polypeptide chain structure:
i. Each chain consists of about 1000 amino acid residues.
ii. Every 3rd residue is glycine (monomer: Glycine-X-Y)
iii. The polypeptide is a left handed helix (NOT
helix) structure, with a turn every three residues. This produces a structure where glycine passes through the centre of the helix. The helix is tightly coiled, because glycine is a small molecule.

Collagen molecule is a good structural protein for the following reasons:

1. Insoluble in water
Collagen is insoluble in water due to the large molecular size of the
tropocollagen molecule as well as the nature of the amino acid
residues. Each of the 3 polypeptide chains in tropocollagen consists
of about 1,000 amino acid residues and all the 3 polypeptide chains
consist largely of glycine and proline residues which are hydrophobic
in nature. Besides that, in collagen; amino acids with hydrophobic R
groups are found at exterior surface, thus, collagen is insoluble in
water and metabolically inactive and resistant to chemical changes.

2. Great tensile strength
The three polypeptide chains (each known as
chain which is a tightly
coiled left handed helix) are linked together by intermolecular
hydrogen bonds, forming a loose, 3-stranded rope – a triple helix
called tropocollagen. Each complete triple helix of collagen interacts
with other triple helix of collagen molecules running parallel to each
other. Covalent bonds are formed between the side chains of lysines
in chains lying next to each other. These cross-links hold many
collagen molecules side by side forming collagen fibrils. Many collagen
fibrils in turn unite to form collagen fibres, giving rise to its high tensile strength.

For exam based questions and solutions, please contact Hp @9863 9633

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