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A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

Mastering Qualitative Questions

Chapter 18 Quantum Physics 2

6. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is a stylus-type instrument in which a sharp probe is scanned across a sample to detect changes in the surface structure on the atomic scale. Explain using the concept of quantum tunneling, how the STM detects changes in the topography of the surface

7. How does photoelectric effect provides evidence for the particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation?

8. Explain what is meant by a potential barrier.

9. Discuss how the wave nature of particles allows for barrier tunnelling.

10. A carbon film is situated normally to the path of a parallel beam of electrons, all travelling at the same speed. The beam and the film are enclosed in a glass envelope which has a fluorescent screen at one end. The scattering of the electrons by the film is observed on
the fluorescent screen.
(a) Suggest what would be seen on the screen if the electrons behave as particles.
(b) Briefly describe the pattern that will be observed on the screen
(c) If the speed of the electrons is gradually increases, explain the changes, if any, that would be observed in the pattern on the screen.

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A-Level Biology Tuition Singapore/H2 Biology Tuition/JC Biology Tutor

TOPIC 1: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS – Part 16

LEARNING OUTCOME

(p)Explain what is meant by homologous pairs of chromosomes.

KEY WORDS

• Identical order of gene loci
• Centromeres in the same position
• Arms of the same length

ESSAY ANSWER

Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes where one derived from
each parent and both determine the same characteristics
Homologous chromosomes pair with each other during prophase I of
meiosis, have identical order of gene loci and have centromeres in the
same position and have arms of the same length as each other.

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A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

General Paper: Paper 1 Part 2
Revision Guide (Skills)

Starting Out

Sample Question: Has enough been done to score an “A” in General Paper?
1. Perform a detailed question analysis (10 mins)
a) Clarify the key topical terms
i) What are the current issues to do with this term?
ii) What are various understandings of this term?
iii) Are there any examples that can best illustrate this term? [This will be useful in crafting general statements (GSs)]
iv) Is this in line with the key generic concept? [Remember: The topical term ‘Education’ is usually defined by its function because of the generic concept used]

b) Clarify the key generic concept [Revise generic concepts and approaches]
i) What is the approach demanded by the concept?
ii) What must you SHOW to agree/disagree with the question?
iii) Come up with a list of approaches
[Eg. To show that something is ‘enough’: Show that there are limitations to our efforts and that these limitations cannot be overcome within our abilities]
*If there are many requirements, it is likely that the approach has to be carried out between paragraphs. **If there are few requirements, it is likely that the approach has to be carried out within a paragraph.

c) Identify the assumptions
i) Apply the 5W 1H Approach [Use this to guide your generation of GSs]

d) Identify the possible POVs (Stands) you can take
i) What is the variable of the question? [There is usually only one and it is usually the main generic concept]

2. Plan your essay (10 mins)

a) Come up with at least 5 Topic Sentences (TSs)

b) Categorise them into acknowledgements and arguments that prove your ultimate stand

c) List at least 1 example for each TS (ie. it has to illustrate the TS not just something to do with the topic or generic concept used)

d) Organise your TSs beforehand to avoid contradictions.
i) (+, +, +, -, -)
ii) (-, +, +, +, +) etcetera

Please contact Angie 96790479 or Mr Ong if you need help in GP

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A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry – Notes

Determination of Oxidation Number

Steps to determine value of oxidation number in a species:
1. Let the unknown oxidation number be n. Write the two half equations.
2. Calculate the no of moles of each ion
3. Determine the mole ratio
4. Write the overall equation wrt mole ratio in Step 3
5. Balance wrt electrons and solve for the unknown oxidation no, n

Note: In a redox reaction,
the no. of moles of e− lost by one species = no. of moles of e− gained by other (i.e. e− on the LHS and RHS of overall equation must cancel off )

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Physics and Chemistry Tuition/Physics Tutor

Kinematics

Basic Kinematic Quantities

1. Distance is the total length covered between two points. Distance is a scalar quantity.

2. Displacement is the measurement of distance from one reference point to another in a certain direction. Displacement is a vector quantity.

3. The SI unit of distance and displacement is metre (m).

4. Speed is the rate of change of distance. Speed is a scalar quantity.

5. Velocity is the rate of change of displacement. Velocity is a vector quantity. Speed is the magnitude of velocity.

6. The SI unit of speed and velocity is m s–1 or m/s.

7. For constant (or uniform) speed, its value is given by:

Speed v = (distance travelled s)/(time taken t)

8. For non-constant speed, the average speed is given by:

Average speed = (total distance travelled)/(total time taken)

9. If the speed of an object is zero, the object is not moving (or at rest).

If you need help in the above topics, please contact Angie @96790479 or Mr Ong @98639633

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O Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/Chemistry O Level Tuition/Tutor

Macromolecules

1. A macromolecule is any long-chain molecule that contains hundreds or thousands of atoms, joined together by covalent bonds.

2. A macromolecule is formed by linking together many small repeating units known as monomers.

3. The process of joining together a large number of small molecules (monomers) to form a macromolecule is called polymerisation. The macromolecule formed is called a polymer.

5. Synthetic macromolecules, such as plastics, are now manufactured on a large scale.

6. Different macromolecules have different units and different linkages.

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O-Level Singapore/O-Level/Pure Physics Tuition/Physics Tutor

Kinematics

Basic Kinematic Quantities

1. Distance is the total length covered between two points. Distance is a scalar quantity.

2. Displacement is the measurement of distance from one reference point to another in a certain direction. Displacement is a vector quantity.

3. The SI unit of distance and displacement is metre (m).

4. Speed is the rate of change of distance. Speed is a scalar quantity.

5. Velocity is the rate of change of displacement. Velocity is a vector quantity. Speed is the magnitude of velocity.

6. The SI unit of speed and velocity is m s–1 or m/s.

7. For constant (or uniform) speed, its value is given by:

Speed v = (distance travelled s)/(time taken t)

8. For non-constant speed, the average speed is given by:

Average speed = (total distance travelled)/(total time taken)

9. If the speed of an object is zero, the object is not moving (or at rest).

If you need help in the above topics, please contact Angie @96790479 or Mr Ong @98639633

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O-Level Additional Mathematics Tuition Singapore

PROBLEMS INVOLVING INTERSECTION OF LINE AND CURVE

These problems can be solved using the concepts we have learned in this section, as follows:

Equation of line: nix + my = p
Equation of curve: f(x, y) = q whose f (x, y) = any function of x and y

Step (1) Solve the 2 equations simultaneously. either by: elimination method or by: substitution method.

Step (2) The result of step (1) is (after simplification) a quadratic equation (ax^2 + bx + c = 0) and we now apply the following rules:
If line intersects curve at two points
=> quadratic equation (ax^2 + bx + c = 0) has two distinct roots
=> b^2 — 4ac > 0

Or
If line intersects curve at 1 point only (or line is tangent to the curve)
=> quadratic equation (ax^2 + bx + c = 0) has one repeated root
=> b^2 — 4ac = 0

Or
If line does not cut or intersects the curve quadratic equation
(ax^2 + bx + c= 0) has no real roots (so b^2 — 4ac < 0)
Step (3) After solving for one variable [from step (2)] substitute to find the value of other variable. We must have two, one or no points of intersection.

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O Level E Maths Tuition Singapore/Tuition O Level E Maths/Tutor

Integers, Rational Numbers and Real Numbers

1. Real numbers are made up of Rational and Irrational Numbers.

2. Irrational numbers are made up of non-recurring and non-terminating decimals.

Example 1/rt 2 , pie

3. Rational numbers are made up of fractions and integers.

4. Some examples of fractions include : 2/3 , 6/7

5. Integers.

Example 1, 5, -5, -8

Integers are made up of whole numbers and negative integers.

7. Negative integers are { —7, — 6, — 5, — 4, — 3, — 2}

8. Whole numbers are made up of positive integers and zero.
Whole numbers : {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

9. Natural numbers are {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,}

For Exam based questions with full worked solution. Please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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A-Level Mathematics Tuition Singapore/JC Maths/H2 Math Tuition and Tutor

Hi A-Level/H2 Math Students

Vectors 2

Scalar Product

The scalar (or dot) product of two vectors a and b (denoted by a.b ) is defined as

a.b = |a||b| cos ,

where  is the angle between a and b.

Vector Product

The vector (or cross) product of two vectors a and b is defined by
a x b = lal lbl sin nˆ
where  is the angle between a and b, nˆ is the unit vector perpendicular to plane containing a and b

If you have problems in your tutorial. Math tutor in One.Tution Place can help you. Please call Mr Ong @9863 9633

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A-Level Economics Tuition Singapore/H2/H1 Economics Tuition

Lesson Plan for JC1 on 22nd March 2014

I) Recap

a) Demand
b) Supply
c) Complementary Demand

This exists when 2 or more goods are used jointly to satisfy the same want.

d) Competitive Demand

This exists when a want can be satisfied by any one of the products available.

e) Derived Demand

This exists when a product is demanded not for its own sake but for its
contribution to the manufacture of another product. It applies to the demand for productive resources.

f) Competitive Supply

This exists when an increase in the supply of one commodity brings about a reduction in the supply of another commodity.

g) Joint Supply

This exists when the production of the product gives rise to the production of other commodities at the same time.

II) New Concepts of The Day

a) Taxes

b) Subsidies

c) Price Floor

i. Definition: A price floor is a legally established minimum price. When the price floor is established, firms are permitted to sell at prices at or above the minimum price.
ii. Graph

d) Price Ceiling
i. Definition: A price ceiling is a legally established maximum price. When a price ceiling is imposed, firms are only permitted to sell at or below this upper limit
ii. Graph

III) Practice Makes Perfect

a) JC Prelim 2013

Explain the role of prices in resource allocation in a market economy.[10]

b) Common Test 2009:

The problem of drug addiction has led to the increase of illegal drug use and crime as addicts need quick cash to support their habit. To arrest the problem, the government cracks down on drug smuggling and pursue a policy of drug education.

Using demand and supply analysis, assess the possible impact on the market for drugs.

Please contact Angie Hp 96790479 or Mr Ong 98639633 if you need help in Economics and complete Notes

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A-Level Physics Tuition Singapore/H2 Physics Tuition/JC Physics Tutor

Hi A-level/H2/JC Physics Tuition students

Mastering Qualitative Questions

Chapter 18 Quantum Physics 1

1. Distinguish emission & absorption line spectra

2. Summarise the experimental evidence that suggests the existence of energy levels in atoms

3. Explain the origins of characteristic lines & cut off wavelength

4. Explain how the following observation of the photoelectric effect provide evidence that electromagnetic radiation has a particulate nature:

There is no noticeable time lag between illumination and the emission of electrons,irrespective of the light intensity.

5 State what is meant by the photoelectric effect and describe how it provides evidence for the particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation when it is interacting with matter.

For the above questions models answer, please contact Mr Ong @9863 9633

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A-Level Biology Tuition Singapore/H2 Biology Tuition/JC Biology Tutor

TOPIC 1: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS – Part 15

LEARNING OUTCOME

(o) Describe with the aid of diagrams, the behaviour of chromosomes during the mitotic cell cycle and the associated behaviour of the nuclear envelope, cell membrane and centrioles. (Names of the main stages are expected)

ESSAY ANSWER

Prophase
At the start of prophase, chromatin fibres become more tightly coiled,
condensing into discrete chromosomes. The duplicated chromatin fibres from S phase become visible as duplicated chromosomes. Each duplicated
chromosome has a pair of identical sister chromatids held together by a
centromere. The two pairs of centrioles move to opposite poles of cell. The mitotic spindle (spindle fibres) begins to form. The mitotic spindle is made up of microtubules and proteins. The nuclear envelope disintegrates and the nucleolus gradually disappears.

Metaphase
Chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate / equator of spindle. The two pairs of centrioles have reached the opposite poles of the cell. Kinetochore microtubules attach to the kinetochores at the centromere of each chromosome. The nuclear envelope and the nucleolus are absent.
Anaphase During anaphase, the centromere divides into two, releasing each sister chromatid. The sister chromatids from each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles of the spindle, centromeres first. Each separated sister chromatid is now known as a chromosome. The kinetochore microtubules shorten, helping sister chromatids to move to opposite poles of the cell. The non-kinetochore microtubules lengthen, causing the cell to elongate. The nuclear envelope and the nucleolus are absent.

Telophase
Individual chromosomes arrive at opposite poles of the cell. Chromosomes
decondense to become chromatin fibers. Spindle fibres disintegrate. The
nuclear envelope reforms, forming two daughter nuclei. The nucleoli
reappear. There is a centriole associated with each nucleus.

Telophase often overlaps with cytokinesis. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through a process known as cleavage, where the centre of the parent cell is constricted from the outside inwards. A cleavage furrow forms near the old metaphase plate. On the cytoplasmic side of the furrow is a contractile ring of microfilaments. As the dividing cell’s ring of microfilaments contracts, the cleavage furrow deepens until the parent cell pinches into two daughter cells. In plant cells, after nuclear division, Golgi vesicles derived from the Golgi
apparatus line up in the middle of the parent cell. The Golgi vesicles fuse to form a cell plate that extends across the equator of the parent plant cell. The contents of the Golgi vesicles contribute to the new cell walls (middle lamella and cell wall matrix) of the two daughter cells, whilst their membranes form the new plasma membranes of the daughter cells. The cell plate eventually fuses with the parent cell wall and cell membrane, separating the two daughter cells.

For exam based questions and solutions, please contact Hp @9863 9633

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A Level GP/General Paper Tuition Singapore

General Paper: Paper 1 Part 1
Revision Guide (Skills)

Receiving the Question Paper

Question Selection (5 mins)

a) Identify the topics that you have studied for by looking at the topical terms

i) Do you know current issues pertaining to this topic?
ii) Do you have at least 3 concrete examples?

b) Identify the generic concepts that are familiar to you

c) Identify questions that contain clear assumptions you can address

d) Pick the question that is left!

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A-Level Chemistry Tuition Singapore/H2 Chemistry Tuition/JC Chemistry Tutor

Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry – Notes

10 Redox Titrations

• In redox titrations, the chemical reaction involves the transfer of electrons from a reducing agent (electron donor) to an oxidising agent (electron acceptor).

• Important half-equations to take note:

• The following types of redox titrations will be discussed:
1. Manganate(VII) titrations
2. Dichromate(VI) titrations
3. Iodine-thiosulfate titrations

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