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Topic 1: Measurement Part 1
1.What are systematic / random errors? How can they be eliminated?
Systematic Errors
Errors of measurement which result in all readings being consistent overestimates or underestimates of its true value.
Cannot be reduced by taking repeated readings.
Can be reduced or eliminated by careful experimental design or good experimental techniques.
Examples: apparatus (zero errors, poor calibration), poor experimental technique (consistent parallax error), external factors (air resistance, background radioactive count rate).
Small systematic errors mean good accuracy.
Random Errors
Errors of measurement which cause an unpredictable scatter of readings about a mean value.
Can be reduced by taking repeated readings and finding the average
Cannot be eliminated.
Examples: Inconsistent reaction time, random parallax error, environmental conditions (fluctuations in measurement), limited sensitivity of instruments.
Small random errors mean good precision.
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